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A student measures the terminal potential difference (V) of a cell (of emf E and internal resistance r) as a function of the current (I) flowing through it. The slope and intercept of the graph between V and I, then, respectively, equal:

1. -r and E
2. r and -E
3. -E and r
4. E and -r

Correct answer: -r and E

Solution

The terminal potential difference V is given by V = E - Ir, which is a linear equation of the form V = -rI + E. Here, the slope is -r, and the y-intercept is E.

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