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Consider a long conductor, the middle of which is earthed. If the potential difference across the two ends of the conductor is \( 220 \mathrm{V} \), then what is the potential at the ends and the middle point?

1. \( 220 V \) all over the conductor
2. \( 110 V \) and \( -110 V \) at ends and \( 0 V \) at the mid point
3. \( 0 V \) at ends and \( 220 V \) at midpoint
4. \( -220 \mathrm{V} \) all over the conductor

Correct answer: \( 110 V \) and \( -110 V \) at ends and \( 0 V \) at the mid point

Solution

Since the middle is earthed, its potential is 0 V. The 220 V difference is shared equally by the two equal halves of the conductor, so each end is 110 V away from the midpoint, one positive and one negative.

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