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If M(A, Z), Mp and Mn denote the masses of the nucleus AZX, proton and neutron respectively in units of u (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²) and BE represents its binding energy in MeV, then

1. M(A, Z) = ZMp + (A − Z)Mn − BE/c²
2. M(A, Z) = ZMp + (A − Z)Mn + BE
3. M(A, Z) = ZMp − (A − Z)Mn − BE
4. M(A, Z) = ZMp + (A − Z)Mn + BE/c²

Correct answer: M(A, Z) = ZMp + (A − Z)Mn − BE/c²

Solution

The mass of a nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its constituent protons and neutrons due to the binding energy. The mass defect is related to the binding energy by BE = Δm * c², leading to the formula M(A, Z) = ZMp + (A − Z)Mn − BE/c².

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