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When an α-particle of mass 'm' moving with velocity 'v' bombards on a heavy nucleus of charge 'Ze', its distance of closest approach from the nucleus depends on as:
- 1/m
- 1/√m
- 1/m²
- m
Correct answer: 1/m
Solution
The distance of closest approach is determined by equating the initial kinetic energy of the α-particle to the electrostatic potential energy at the closest distance. Since kinetic energy is proportional to mass (m), the distance of closest approach is inversely proportional to mass, i.e., 1/m.
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