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The reaction quotient ( \( Q \) ) predicts

1. the direction of equilibrium to be attained
2. the ratio of activities at equilibrium, i.e., \( K_{c} \)
3. the ratio of activities at any time
4. all of the above

Correct answer: the direction of equilibrium to be attained

Solution

The reaction quotient uses the current concentrations or activities, so it can indicate whether the reaction will move forward or backward to reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, Q equals K, but Q itself is not the equilibrium ratio.

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