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What is the role of sodium hydroxide in this reaction?

1. To transform phenol into a stronger nucleophile PhO⁻
2. To counteract the acid produced
3. To transform phenol into a weaker nucleophile PhO⁻
4. To counteract the base produced

Correct answer: To transform phenol into a stronger nucleophile PhO⁻

Solution

NaOH deprotonates phenol, forming the phenoxide ion (PhO⁻), which is a stronger nucleophile than phenol itself. This enhances its reactivity in nucleophilic substitution reactions.

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