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Chiral compounds are characterized by the presence of at least one carbon atom bonded to four distinct groups. Which of the following represents the structure of 3-methylpentanoic acid, a chiral molecule?

1. H — C — C — COOH
2. CH3 — CH(CH3) — CH2 — COOH
3. CH3 — CH2 — CH(CH3) — COOH
4. CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — COOH

Correct answer: CH3 — CH(CH3) — CH2 — COOH

Solution

The correct structure of 3-methylpentanoic acid contains a chiral carbon atom at the second carbon, which is attached to four different groups: a hydrogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a carboxylic acid group.

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