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The stability of a carbocation increases with the number of alkyl groups attached due to greater dispersal of the positive charge. Which of the following statements is accurate?

1. The carbocation CH3–C+–CH3 exhibits the highest stability.
2. Naphthalene is volatile, whereas benzoic acid is non-volatile because it forms dimers.
3. Sublimation is a technique used for substances that transition directly from solid to vapor upon heating and revert to solid upon cooling.
4. Steam distillation operates based on Dalton's law of partial pressures.

Correct answer: The carbocation CH3–C+–CH3 exhibits the highest stability.

Solution

The statement in option A is correct because the stability of carbocations increases with the number of alkyl groups due to hyperconjugation and inductive effects, which help disperse the positive charge.

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