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Naphthalene is a volatile compound, whereas benzoic acid is non-volatile due to dimer formation. Which technique is most suitable for separating them?

1. Sublimation is effective for substances that transition directly from solid to vapor upon heating and revert to solid upon cooling.
2. Steam distillation works based on Dalton's law of partial pressures.
3. In steam distillation, the partial pressure of toluene vapor in the presence of steam is lower than atmospheric pressure.
4. The decreasing order of the -I effect based on electronegativity is –NR2 < –OR < –F, as N < O < F in electronegativity.

Correct answer: Sublimation is effective for substances that transition directly from solid to vapor upon heating and revert to solid upon cooling.

Solution

Option A is correct because sublimation is a method used to separate volatile solids from non-volatile impurities by converting the volatile solid directly into vapor and then back to solid upon cooling.

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