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Which of these functional groups is the least reactive in electrophilic substitution reactions?

1. Methyl group (CH3)
2. Amino group (NH2)
3. Hydroxy group (OH)
4. Nitro group (NO2)

Correct answer: Nitro group (NO2)

Solution

The NO2 group is an electron-withdrawing group due to its strong -I and -M effects, which deactivate the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution, making it the least reactive among the options.

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