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Nitrobenzene can be prepared from benzene by using a mixture of conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4; in the mixture, nitric acid acts as a/an:

1. acid
2. base
3. catalyst
4. reducing agent

Correct answer: base

Solution

In the nitration of benzene, concentrated H2SO4 acts as a strong acid and protonates HNO3, making it act as a base to generate the nitronium ion (NO2+), the active electrophile in the reaction.

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