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Aldehydes containing no α-hydrogen atom on warming with 50% NaOH or KOH undergo disproportionation i.e. self oxidation - reduction known as Cannizzaro’s reaction.

1. 2HCHO → HCOONa + CH3OH
2. CH3CHO → CH3COONa + CH3OH
3. CH3COCH3 → CH3COONa + CH3OH
4. CH3CH2CHO → CH3CH2COONa + CH3OH

Correct answer: 2HCHO → HCOONa + CH3OH

Solution

Cannizzaro's reaction occurs only in aldehydes without α-hydrogen atoms. Formaldehyde (HCHO) lacks α-hydrogens, so it undergoes this reaction to form sodium formate (HCOONa) and methanol (CH3OH).

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