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The relative reactivities of acyl compounds towards nucleophilic substitution are in the order of:

1. (a) Acyl chloride > Acid anhydride > Ester > Amide
2. (b) Ester > Acyl chloride > Amide > Acid anhydride
3. (c) Acid anhydride > Amide > Ester > Acyl chloride
4. (d) Acyl chloride > Ester > Acid anhydride > Amide

Correct answer: (a) Acyl chloride > Acid anhydride > Ester > Amide

Solution

The reactivity of acyl compounds towards nucleophilic substitution depends on the leaving group ability and the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Acyl chlorides are the most reactive due to the excellent leaving ability of Cl⁻, followed by acid anhydrides, esters, and amides (which have poor leaving groups).

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