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Which of the following is the correct decreasing order of acidic strength of (i) methanoic acid (ii) ethanoic acid (iii) propanoic acid (iv) butanoic acid?

1. (i)>(ii)>(iii)>(iv)
2. (ii)>(iii)>(i)>(iv)
3. (i)>(iv)>(iii)>(ii)
4. (iv)>(i)>(iii)>(ii)

Correct answer: (i)>(ii)>(iii)>(iv)

Solution

Acidic strength decreases as the alkyl group size increases due to the +I effect, which reduces the stability of the conjugate base. Methanoic acid has no alkyl group, making it the strongest acid, followed by ethanoic, propanoic, and butanoic acids.

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