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Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than aldehydes, ketones and even alcohols of comparable molecular mass. It is due to their

1. Formation of intramolecular H-bonding
2. Formation of carboxylate ion
3. Formation of intermolecular H-bonding
4. More extensive association of carboxylic acid via van der Waals force of attraction

Correct answer: Formation of intermolecular H-bonding

Solution

Carboxylic acids exhibit strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding due to the presence of both a hydroxyl (-OH) group and a carbonyl (C=O) group, leading to dimer formation and higher boiling points.

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