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Which of the following 0.10 m aqueous solutions will have the lowest freezing point?

1. Al₂(SO₄)₃
2. C₆H₁₂O₆
3. KCl
4. C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

Correct answer: Al₂(SO₄)₃

Solution

The freezing point depression depends on the van 't Hoff factor (i), which is highest for Al₂(SO₄)₃ as it dissociates into 5 ions (2Al³⁺ and 3SO₄²⁻). This results in the greatest freezing point depression.

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