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Buffer solutions have constant acidity and alkalinity because

1. these give unionised acid or base on reaction with added acid or alkali.
2. acids and alkalies in these solutions are shielded from attack by other ions.
3. they have large excess of H⁺ or OH⁻ ions.
4. they have fixed value of pH.

Correct answer: these give unionised acid or base on reaction with added acid or alkali.

Solution

Buffer solutions resist changes in pH because they contain a weak acid and its conjugate base (or vice versa), which react with added acids or bases to form unionized species, maintaining the pH.

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