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Which of the following aqueous solution has minimum freezing point?

1. 0.01 m NaCl
2. 0.005 m C2H5OH
3. 0.005 m MgI2
4. 0.005 m MgSO4

Correct answer: 0.005 m MgI2

Solution

Freezing point depression depends on the van 't Hoff factor (i), which accounts for the number of particles in solution. MgI2 dissociates into three ions (Mg²⁺ and 2I⁻), giving it the highest effective concentration of particles, leading to the lowest freezing point.

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