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Protein synthesis, also known as translation, occurs on ribosomes, which are commonly called the protein factories of the cell.

1. The separation of DNA strands involves the enzyme helicase or unwindase, and in prokaryotes, this process is aided by gyrase.
2. Most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons, except for Tryptophan and Methionine, making the genetic code redundant.
3. After one generation in a ¹⁴N medium, bacterial DNA was found to settle at an intermediate position between heavy and light bands due to semi-conservative replication.
4. Hargobind Khorana was the first to determine the triplet codons for cysteine and valine.

Correct answer: Most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons, except for Tryptophan and Methionine, making the genetic code redundant.

Solution

Option B is correct because the genetic code is degenerate, meaning most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon, except for Tryptophan and Methionine. Other options either describe unrelated processes or contain incorrect information.

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