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Which scientist first demonstrated conditioned reflexes by associating the sound of a bell with feeding in dogs, leading to salivation even when food was not present?

1. a) This concept was introduced by a Russian scientist who studied reflexes in animals.
2. b) Ivan Pavlov, a Russian scientist, showed that dogs could associate the ringing of a bell with food, causing salivation even in the absence of food.
3. c) The theory of conditioned reflexes was developed through experiments involving animals and sound stimuli.
4. d) Reflexes related to learning and training were explored by scientists studying animal behavior.

Correct answer: b) Ivan Pavlov, a Russian scientist, showed that dogs could associate the ringing of a bell with food, causing salivation even in the absence of food.

Solution

The question describes the concept of conditioned reflexes, which were first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov. Option B restates the correct explanation of this phenomenon.

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