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How do parasympathetic neural signals affect the working of the heart?

1. Reduce both heart rate and cardiac output.
2. Heart rate is increased without affecting the cardiac output.
3. Both heart rate and cardiac output increase.
4. Heart rate decreases but cardiac output increases.

Correct answer: Reduce both heart rate and cardiac output.

Solution

Parasympathetic stimulation, mainly through the vagus nerve, slows the SA node and reduces heart rate. With fewer beats per minute, cardiac output also falls because output depends on heart rate and stroke volume.

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