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Frogs primarily use their lungs for breathing, but during periods of dormancy like hibernation and aestivation, as well as while submerged in water, they rely on their skin for respiration. Which statement reflects this?

1. Frogs mainly breathe using their lungs, but during hibernation, aestivation, and when underwater, they utilize their skin for gas exchange.
2. The extremely thin alveolar walls, approximately 0.0001 mm thick, consist of moist, non-ciliated, squamous epithelial cells.
3. Intercostal muscles, both external and internal, are connected to the ribs and assist in rib cage movement during the breathing process.
4. The vital capacity of the lungs refers to the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, representing the greatest amount of air exchanged in a single breath.

Correct answer: Frogs mainly breathe using their lungs, but during hibernation, aestivation, and when underwater, they utilize their skin for gas exchange.

Solution

The correct option is A because frogs primarily use their lungs for respiration but switch to cutaneous respiration (through the skin) during hibernation, aestivation, or when submerged in water. This is a well-documented physiological adaptation in amphibians.

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