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Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.

1. Emphysema
2. Pneumonia
3. Asthma
4. Pleurisy

Correct answer: Emphysema

Solution

Emphysema damages and breaks down alveolar walls, creating larger air spaces and greatly reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. That loss of functional alveolar surface is the key feature described.

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