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Which two of the following changes (a–d) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)? (i) Increase in red blood cell size (ii) Increase in red blood cell production (iii) Increased breathing rate (iv) Increase in thrombocyte count Changes occurring are:

1. (a) (ii) and (iii)
2. (b) (iii) and (iv)
3. (c) (i) and (iv)
4. (d) (i) and (ii)

Correct answer: (a) (ii) and (iii)

Solution

At high altitude, oxygen availability drops, so the body responds by increasing breathing rate to take in more oxygen. Over time, it also increases red blood cell production to improve oxygen transport. Red blood cell size and thrombocyte count are not the usual primary adaptations here.

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