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PCR is a technique for enzymatically replicating DNA without using a living organism such as E. coli or yeast. The correct steps shown in the above figure are:

1. a) Denaturation at 94°C, Annealing at 50°–65°C, Extension at 72°C
2. b) Denaturation at 50°–65°C, Annealing at 94°C, Extension at 72°C
3. c) Denaturation at 94°C, Annealing at 72°C, Extension at 50°–65°C
4. d) Denaturation at 72°C, Annealing at 50°–65°C, Extension at 94°C

Correct answer: a) Denaturation at 94°C, Annealing at 50°–65°C, Extension at 72°C

Solution

PCR cycles through three temperature-dependent steps. High heat (~94°C) denatures DNA strands, moderate cooling (50°–65°C) allows primers to anneal, and 72°C is ideal for Taq polymerase to extend new DNA strands.

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