Question 1

The most nearest prehistoric ancestor of present man may be

Accepted Answer

Neanderthal man. Neanderthal man is considered the nearest prehistoric ancestor because he was anatomically very close to modern humans and lived relatively recently in human evolution. Java ape man and Peking man are earlier Homo erectus forms, while Cro-Magnon man is essentially early modern Homo sapiens.

Question 2

Dryopithecus is considered to be

Accepted Answer

Connecting links between ape and man. Dryopithecus is regarded as a transitional fossil because it shows features linking apes and humans. It is not usually treated as the direct common ancestor, but as a connecting link between ape and man.

Question 3

Ancestors of colostomies are

Accepted Answer

Urochordates. Urochordates (tunicates) are primitive chordates and are considered ancestral/closest to the lineage leading toward vertebrates. The other options are either jawless vertebrates (Myxinoidea, ostracoderms) or unrelated arthropods.

Question 4

The concept that population tends to increase geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically was put forward by

Accepted Answer

Thomas Malthus. Thomas Malthus argued that population grows faster than food supply, creating pressure on resources. His population theory is the source of the geometric-versus-arithmetic growth idea.

Question 5

First life on earth was

Accepted Answer

Chemoheterotrophs. The first life forms are thought to have been simple organisms that used existing organic compounds for both energy and carbon. That makes chemoheterotrophs the best choice, since they do not require sunlight or inorganic carbon fixation to survive.

Question 6

Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by

Accepted Answer

Karl Ernst von Baer. Karl Ernst von Baer rejected the older embryological argument that embryos of different animals pass through identical adult stages of other forms. His observations showed embryos diverge early, weakening that support for evolution.

Question 7

In a population of 1000 individuals 360 belong to genotype AA, 480 to Aa and the remaining 160 to aa. Based on this data, the frequency of allele A in the population is:

Accepted Answer

0.6. Allele frequency is based on total copies of the allele, not just genotype counts. Here, A appears in all AA individuals and once in each Aa individual, giving 1200 A alleles out of 2000 total alleles.

Question 8

At a particular locus, frequency of ‘A’ allele is 0.6 and that of ‘a’ is 0.4. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes in a random mating population at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

0.48. In a random-mating population at equilibrium, genotype frequencies follow Hardy–Weinberg expectations. With p = 0.6 and q = 0.4, the heterozygote frequency is 2pq = 2(0.6)(0.4) = 0.48.

Question 9

Due to discovery of which of the following in 1980 the evolution was termed as RNA world?

Accepted Answer

RNA have enzymatic property. The RNA world hypothesis became plausible when scientists discovered that some RNA molecules can act as enzymes, called ribozymes. This showed RNA could both store genetic information and catalyze reactions, making it a likely early biological molecule.

Question 10

From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by mixing the following in a closed flask

Accepted Answer

CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapor at 800°C. Miller’s experiment simulated primitive atmospheric conditions using methane, hydrogen, ammonia, and water vapor in a closed apparatus. The mixture was heated to about 800°C to provide the energy needed for chemical reactions that formed amino acids.

Question 11

Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment brought about by anthropogenic action?

Accepted Answer

Herbicide resistant weeds.. Herbicide-resistant weeds are a classic example of evolution driven by anthropogenic change because herbicide use creates strong selection pressure, allowing resistant variants to survive and spread. The other options are not primarily examples of evolution caused by human environmental change in this context.

Question 12

In Australia, marsupials and placental mammals have evolved to share many similar characteristics. This type of evolution may be referred to as

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution. Convergent evolution happens when different lineages independently evolve similar adaptations under similar selective pressures. Marsupials and placental mammals in Australia can look alike because they filled similar ecological roles, not because those traits came from a recent shared ancestor.

Question 13

Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution. Penguins and dolphins are not closely related, but both evolved flipper-like limbs for efficient swimming. This similarity arose independently in response to similar environmental pressures, which is convergent evolution.

Question 14

A population of a species invades a new area. Which of the following condition will lead to adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

Area with many types of vacant habitats.. Adaptive radiation happens when one ancestral species rapidly diversifies to exploit different available niches. An area with many types of vacant habitats provides both ecological opportunity and reduced competition, making diversification likely.

Question 15

According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evolution is

Accepted Answer

Saltation. Hugo de Vries is known for the mutation theory, which emphasized sudden, large evolutionary changes. This idea is called saltation, meaning evolution by jumps rather than by small continuous variations.

Question 16

Among the following sets of examples for divergent evolution, select the incorrect option:

Accepted Answer

Eye of octopus, bat and man. The eye of octopus, bat, and man is an example of convergent evolution, because these eyes perform similar functions but evolved independently in very different lineages. The other options involve mammalian structures that are homologous and thus fit divergent evolution.

Question 17

The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of

Accepted Answer

Homology. The forelimbs of many vertebrates have the same basic bone arrangement because they were inherited from a common ancestor. This is called homology, even if the limbs now serve different functions.

Question 18

Which of the following structures is homologous to the wing of a bird?

Accepted Answer

Flipper of Whale. A bird wing and a whale flipper are both modified vertebrate forelimbs, so they share a common ancestral structure. Their functions differ, but their underlying anatomical origin is the same, which makes them homologous.

Question 19

Analogous structures are a result of

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution. Analogous structures have similar functions or appearances but do not come from a common ancestral structure. They arise when different species independently evolve similar solutions to similar environmental challenges, which is convergent evolution.

Question 20

Which one of the following are analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

Gills of Prawn and Lungs of Man.. Gills of prawn and lungs of man both help in respiration, but they arise from very different body plans and evolutionary origins. That makes them analogous structures, not homologous ones.

NEET Biology: Evolution questions with solutions

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