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Two surfaces S1 and S2 enclose (or are pierced by) the field of the same charge configuration shown, giving fluxes phi1 through S1 and phi2 through S2. If both surfaces enclose the same net charge, which relation is correct?

1. phi1 = phi2
2. phi1 > phi2
3. phi1 < phi2
4. None of these

Correct answer: phi1 = phi2

Solution

By Gauss's law, the electric flux through any closed surface equals the net enclosed charge divided by epsilon0. If both surfaces enclose the same charge, the flux through each is identical regardless of their geometry.

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