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If the magnetic susceptibilities of diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances are denoted by χd, χp, and χf respectively, which ordering is correct?

1. χd < χp < χf
2. χd < χf < χp
3. χf < χd < χp
4. χf < χp < χd

Correct answer: χd < χp < χf

Solution

Diamagnetic materials have a negative susceptibility, indicating they are repelled by magnetic fields, while paramagnetic materials have a small positive susceptibility, meaning they are weakly attracted to magnetic fields. Ferromagnetic materials exhibit a much larger positive susceptibility, as they can be strongly attracted and retain magnetization, thus establishing the order χd < χp < χf.

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