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Consider : Statement - I : (p ∧ ¬q) ∧ (¬p ∧ q) is a fallacy. Statement - II : (p → q) ↔ (¬q → ¬p) is a tautology.

1. Statement - I is true; Statement - II is false.
2. Statement - I is false; Statement - II is true.
3. Statement - I is true; Statement - II is true; Statement - II is a correct explanation for Statement - I.
4. Statement - I is true; Statement - II is true; Statement - II is not a correct explanation for Statement - I.

Correct answer: Statement - I is true; Statement - II is true; Statement - II is not a correct explanation for Statement - I.

Solution

Statement I is true because the expression (p ∧ ¬q) ∧ (¬p ∧ q) is always false, representing a contradiction. Statement II is true as it reflects the logical equivalence of the contrapositive, which is a fundamental principle in logic.

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