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Consider Statement-1: (p ∧ ~q) ∧ (~p ∧ q) is a fallacy. Statement-2: (p → q) ↔ (~q → ~p) is a tautology.

1. Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
2. Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
3. Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
4. Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.

Correct answer: Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.

Solution

Statement-1 is true because the expression (p ∧ ~q) ∧ (~p ∧ q) is a contradiction, which is indeed a fallacy. Statement-2 is true as it represents the contrapositive equivalence in logic, which is always valid, but it does not explain why the first statement is a fallacy.

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