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Why does delocalization (resonance) of electrons enhance the stability of a molecule?

1. The potential energy of the molecule is lowered
2. Repulsion between electrons is reduced
3. Both (A) and (B)
4. Repulsion between electrons increases

Correct answer: Both (A) and (B)

Solution

When electrons are delocalized across several atoms, they spread over a larger volume. This lowers the system's potential energy and simultaneously reduces electron-electron repulsion because the electron density is less concentrated. Both effects stabilize the molecule.

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