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Choose the correct combination of statements: (i) Delocalisation of sigma electrons is called hyperconjugation. (ii) Delocalisation of pi electrons is called resonance. (iii) The permanent partial displacement of sigma electrons along a chain is the inductive effect.

1. (i) and (iii) only
2. (ii) and (iii) only
3. (i) and (ii) only
4. (i), (ii) and (iii)

Correct answer: (i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution

Hyperconjugation is the delocalisation of sigma (C-H) electrons into an adjacent empty or pi orbital - (i) correct. Resonance is delocalisation of pi electrons (and lone pairs) - (ii) correct. The inductive effect is the permanent partial displacement of sigma bonding electrons due to electronegativity differences - (iii) correct. All three statements are true.

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