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The electronic configuration of Cu(II) is 3d9 whereas that of Cu(I) is 3d10. Which of the following is correct ? (1) Cu(I) is less stable (2) Stability of Cu(I) and Cu(II) depends on nature of copper salts (3) Cu(II) is more stable (4) Cu(I) and Cu(II) are equally stable

1. (1) Cu(I) is less stable
2. (2) Stability of Cu(I) and Cu(II) depends on nature of copper salts
3. (3) Cu(II) is more stable
4. (4) Cu(I) and Cu(II) are equally stable

Correct answer: (3) Cu(II) is more stable

Solution

Cu(II) is more stable than Cu(I) due to the presence of a fully filled 3d subshell in Cu(I), which is energetically favorable, while Cu(II) has a partially filled 3d subshell that can participate in various bonding interactions, making it more stable in many chemical environments.

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