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Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : There is a considerable increase in covalent radius from N to P. However from As to Bi only a small increase in covalent radius is observed. Reason (R) : Covalent and ionic radii in a particular oxidation state increases down the group. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

1. (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
2. (2) (A) is true but (R) is false
3. (3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
4. (4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Correct answer: (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Solution

The assertion correctly identifies the trend in covalent radii across the nitrogen to phosphorus and arsenic to bismuth transition, while the reason accurately describes the general trend of increasing radii down a group. However, the reason does not specifically explain the observed differences in the assertion, making both statements true but not directly related.

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