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The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the fact that

1. Zr and Zn have the same oxidation state
2. Zr and Hf have about the same radius
3. Zr and Nb have similar oxidation state
4. Zr and Y have about the same radius

Correct answer: Zr and Hf have about the same radius

Solution

The lanthanide contraction leads to a decrease in the size of the lanthanide ions, which in turn affects the size of the elements in the same period. As a result, zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf), which are in the same group, have similar atomic radii despite being in different periods.

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