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If Z is a compressibility factor, van der Waals equation at low pressure can be written as:

1. Z = 1 + RT/Pb
2. Z = 1 - a/VRT
3. Z = 1 - Pb/RT
4. Z = 1 + Pb/RT

Correct answer: Z = 1 - a/VRT

Solution

At low pressure the volume is large so b is negligible and the a/V^2 term dominates the deviation, giving Z = 1 - a/(VRT).

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