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In boric acid (H3BO3), what are the hybridization states of the boron atom and the oxygen atoms, respectively?

1. sp3 and sp2
2. sp2 and sp3
3. sp2 and sp2
4. sp3 and sp3

Correct answer: sp2 and sp3

Solution

In boric acid, the boron atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms through single bonds, leading to a trigonal planar geometry, which corresponds to sp2 hybridization. The oxygen atoms, which are involved in both single bonds and a hydroxyl group, exhibit sp3 hybridization due to their tetrahedral arrangement.

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