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The catalytic action shown by transition metals and their compounds is chiefly attributed to their:

1. magnetic properties
2. partially filled d-orbitals
3. capacity to exhibit multiple oxidation states
4. general chemical reactivity

Correct answer: capacity to exhibit multiple oxidation states

Solution

Transition metals and their compounds act as catalysts chiefly because they exhibit multiple (variable) oxidation states, allowing them to form intermediate complexes and provide alternative low-energy reaction paths.

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