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A binary liquid mixture is made by combining n-heptane and ethanol. Which statement best describes the nature of this solution?

1. It behaves as a non-ideal solution and exhibits negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
2. It behaves as a non-ideal solution and exhibits positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
3. n-heptane shows positive deviation, whereas ethanol shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
4. The mixture behaves as an ideal solution.

Correct answer: It behaves as a non-ideal solution and exhibits positive deviation from Raoult’s law.

Solution

The correct option indicates that the mixture of n-heptane and ethanol does not follow Raoult's law perfectly, which is characteristic of non-ideal solutions. The positive deviation suggests that the interactions between the different molecules in the mixture are weaker than those in the pure components, leading to a higher vapor pressure than expected.

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