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For a binary mixture of components A and B, negative deviation from ideal behavior is indicated by which of the following?

1. Change in volume on mixing is positive, ΔVmix > 0
2. Change in enthalpy on mixing is negative, ΔHmix < 0
3. The A–B attraction is weaker than the A–A and B–B attractions
4. The A–B attraction is stronger than the A–A and B–B attractions

Correct answer: Change in enthalpy on mixing is negative, ΔHmix < 0

Solution

A negative deviation from ideal behavior occurs when the interactions between different components (A and B) are stronger than those between like components (A–A and B–B). This leads to a release of energy upon mixing, resulting in a negative change in enthalpy (ΔHmix < 0).

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