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The solubility of carbonates falls as we move down the magnesium group because there is a reduction in the

1. hydration energy of the cations
2. inter-ionic attraction
3. entropy change on forming the solution
4. lattice energy of the solids

Correct answer: hydration energy of the cations

Solution

As we move down the magnesium group, the cations become larger, which leads to a decrease in their hydration energy. This reduction in hydration energy means that less energy is available to overcome the lattice energy of the solid, resulting in lower solubility of the carbonates.

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