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When zeolite, a hydrated sodium aluminium silicate, is used with hard water, which ions from the water replace the sodium ions in the zeolite?

1. H⁺ ions
2. Ca²⁺ ions
3. SO₄²⁻ ions
4. OH⁻ ions

Correct answer: Ca²⁺ ions

Solution

Zeolite acts as an ion exchange material, where the sodium ions are replaced by calcium ions from hard water, effectively softening the water by removing hardness-causing minerals.

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