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Calculate the total spin-only magnetic moment (in Bohr Magnetons) of a neutral atom with atomic number Z = 7.

1. sqrt(30) BM
2. sqrt(3) BM
3. sqrt(15) BM
4. 2*sqrt(15) BM

Correct answer: sqrt(3) BM

Solution

Nitrogen (Z=7): configuration 1s² 2s² 2p³. The 2p³ has one electron in each of px, py, pz (Hund's rule) => 3 unpaired electrons. Spin-only magnetic moment = sqrt(n*(n+2)) = sqrt(3*5) = sqrt(15) BM.

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