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Which of the following statements about ideal gases and kinetic theory are incorrect?

1. The molar volume of every ideal gas at NTP (0 deg C, 1 atm) is 22.4 L
2. At the critical point, the compressibility factor Z equals 1
3. All ideal gases have equal average translational kinetic energy at a given temperature
4. At absolute zero temperature, the kinetic energy is (3/2)R

Correct answer: At absolute zero temperature, the kinetic energy is (3/2)R

Solution

Statement D is incorrect: at absolute zero (T = 0 K), the average translational KE = (3/2)RT = 0, not (3/2)R. Also, statement B is incorrect: at the critical point, Z = PcVc/RTc = 3/8 (approximately 0.375 for van der Waals gas), not 1. So B and D are both incorrect.

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