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Classify each of the following statements as True (T) or False (F): (I) The ionization energy of an s-electron exceeds that of a p-electron in the same principal shell because s-electrons have greater penetration and experience stronger nuclear attraction. (II) The electron affinity of oxygen is lower than that of fluorine but higher than that of nitrogen. (III) The first ionization energy of magnesium is greater than that of aluminium. (IV) The bond dissociation energy of F2 is less than that of Cl2.

1. T T T T
2. F F F F
3. T F F F
4. T T T F

Correct answer: T T T T

Solution

All four statements are true: s-electrons have greater penetration than p-electrons in the same shell; N has extra stability from half-filled 2p³ so EA(O) > EA(N) < EA(F); Mg's filled 3s² gives it higher IE than Al's 3p¹; and F2 has weaker bond than Cl2 due to lone-pair repulsion in the small F atom.

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