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Which of the following is responsible for eddy viscosity (or turbulent viscosity) in a turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate?

1. Nikuardse stresses
2. Reynolds stresses
3. Boussinesq stresses
4. Prandtl stresses

Correct answer: Reynolds stresses

Solution

Reynolds stresses arise from the fluctuations in velocity within a turbulent flow, and they represent the momentum transfer due to these fluctuations, which is essential for defining eddy viscosity in turbulent boundary layers.

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