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The measurement system shown in the figure uses three sub-systems in cascade whose gains are specified as G1, G2 and 1/G3. The relative small errors associated with each respective subsystem G1, G2 and G3 are ε1, ε2 and ε3. The error associated with the output is:

1. ε1 + ε2 + 1/ε3
2. ε1·ε2/ε3
3. ε1 + ε2 − ε3
4. ε1 + ε2 + ε3

Correct answer: ε1 + ε2 + ε3

Solution

The total error in a cascaded system is the sum of the individual errors from each subsystem, as each error contributes independently to the overall output error.

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