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Which of the following statements is/are TRUE with respect to deadlocks?

1. Circular wait is a necessary condition for the formation of deadlock.
2. In a system where each resource has more than one instance, a cycle in its wait-for graph indicates the presence of a deadlock.
3. If the current allocation of resources to processes leads the system to unsafe state, then deadlock will necessarily occur.
4. In the resource-allocation graph of a system, if every edge is an assignment edge, then the system is not in deadlock state.

Correct answer: Circular wait is a necessary condition for the formation of deadlock.

Solution

Circular wait is indeed a necessary condition for deadlock because it describes a situation where a set of processes are each waiting for a resource held by another process in the set, creating a cycle that prevents any of them from proceeding.

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