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Which one of the following facilitates transfer of bulk data from hard disk to main memory with the highest throughput?

1. DMA based I/O transfer
2. Interrupt driven I/O transfer
3. Polling based I/O transfer
4. Programmed I/O transfer

Correct answer: DMA based I/O transfer

Solution

DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows peripherals to transfer data directly to main memory without involving the CPU, which maximizes throughput by freeing up the processor to perform other tasks while the data transfer occurs.

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