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Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT?

1. As the depth of the ground water table from the ground surface increases, the effective stress in the soil decreases.
2. Bulking of the moist sand is due to the capillary action in the sand.
3. The effective stress in a liquified soil is almost zero.
4. The earth pressure at any point in the soil, under all conditions, is always smaller than the vertical effective stress at that point.

Correct answer: The earth pressure at any point in the soil, under all conditions, is always smaller than the vertical effective stress at that point.

Solution

The statement about earth pressure is correct because, under normal conditions, the total stress in the soil includes both effective stress and pore water pressure, meaning that the earth pressure cannot exceed the vertical effective stress.

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